Please Explain the Principle of Weak InFeed Echo Permissive Over Reach Transfer Trip Schemes?

Permissive Over Reach Transfer Trip Scheme with Weak Infeed Protection using 52a contacts and 27 undervoltage with Z3 impedance blocking

Rahim submitted this question to the Ask Chris section of the RelayTraining.com website. Most line distance protection schemes assume that the system will always be able to supply enough amps to make the relays trip. However, there are many scenarios on transmission systems across the world where you could have

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Please Explain the Principle of Weak InFeed Echo Permissive Over Reach Transfer Trip Schemes?

Methods of Clearing Ground Faults from Silent Sentinels 1924

Protective Relay Book - Silent Senttinels

Silent Sentinels 1924 Excerpt #5 This excerpt from the 1924 version of Silent Sentinels discusses how electrical engineers understood how alternating-current systems (AC) operated in 1924. This is the 5th in the series. Follow these links to learn more about this series and the 1924 version of Silent Sentinels. We also cover

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Methods of Clearing Ground Faults from Silent Sentinels 1924

When I test induction disc relay type … Is the pickup value the value at which the disc starts rotating?

Induction Disc Relay - Electro-mechanical Relay picup

This question was submitted via the Ask Chris form where you can ask me relay testing questions that I can hopefully answer. Creating test plans for digital relays is often difficult because you can have ten relays with identical model numbers that have completely different functionality.  Conversely, ten induction disc relays of

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When I test induction disc relay type … Is the pickup value the value at which the disc starts rotating?

Methods of Clearing Short Circuits from Silent Sentinels 1924

Protective Relay Book - Silent Senttinels

Silent Sentinels 1924 Excerpt #4 This excerpt from the 1924 version of Silent Sentinels discusses how electrical engineers understood how alternating-current systems (AC) operated in 1924. This is the 4th in the series. Follow these links to learn more about this series and the 1924 version of Silent Sentinels. We also cover

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Methods of Clearing Short Circuits from Silent Sentinels 1924

Alternating-Current Systems from Silent Sentinels 1924

Protective Relay Book - Silent Senttinels

Silent Sentinels 1924 Excerpt #3 This excerpt from the 1924 version of Silent Sentinels discusses how electrical engineers understood how alternating-current systems (AC) operated in 1924. This is the 3rd in the series. Follow these links to learn more about this series and the 1924 version of Silent Sentinels. We also cover

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Alternating-Current Systems from Silent Sentinels 1924

Understanding Distance Protection (21) Video

Distance Protection Video Thumbnail

The last video in our end-to-end testing series gave you a general overview of distance protection, and why we use it in modern electrical systems.  It is important to know how a regular distance protection (21) scheme will react to different faults around the relays, and how those reactions are different from communication-assisted

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Understanding Distance Protection (21) Video