Traditional line distance relay testing procedures (MTA, Reach, and Timing) are a great way to test electro-mechanical relays and learn how line impedance relays operate; but they are inefficient, ineffective,
Continue readingWe covered the basic operating principles of high impedance busbar differential protection in our previous post, I Want to Know How a High Impedance Differential Scheme Works. You should read that post
Continue readingWe received this question from the Ask Chris form at relaytraining.com. Follow this link to ask your own question and it might appear in a future blog post. High Impedance Differential Scheme Testing High
Continue readingThe last video in our end-to-end testing series gave you a general overview of distance protection, and why we use it in modern electrical systems. It is important to know how a regular distance protection
Continue readingIn the previous post about Directional Overcurrent relay (67) testing (Finding the Direction in Directional Overcurrent Relays), we reviewed Directional Overcurrent protection from a system perspective
Continue readingThe Relay Testing Handbook: End-to-End Testing covers the most common Communication-Assisted Protection Schemes including the Directional Comparison Blocking (DCB) Scheme. This bonus animation shows the
Continue readingThe Relay Testing Handbook: End-to-End Testing covers the most common Communication-Assisted Protection Schemes including the Permissive Under-Reaching Transfer Trip (PUTT) Scheme. This bonus animation
Continue readingThe Relay Testing Handbook: End-to-End Testing covers the most common Communication-Assisted Protection Schemes including the Directional Comparison Unblocking (DCUB) Scheme. This bonus animation shows
Continue readingThe Relay Testing Handbook: End-to-End Testing covers the most common Communication-Assisted Protection Schemes including the Permissive Over-Reaching Transfer Trip (POTT) Scheme. This bonus animation
Continue readingThe Relay Testing Handbook: End-to-End Testing covers the most common Communication-Assisted Protection Schemes including the Direct Under-Reaching Transfer Trip (DUTT) Scheme. This bonus animation shows
Continue readingDistance Protection (21) has many names (Line Protection, Line Distance Protection, Impedance Protection) and is one of the more complicated elements used in protective relaying. The Relay Testing Handbook
Continue readingEnd-to-End Testing can appear to be a daunting task. However, any relay tester can perform successful End-to-End Tests with a basic understanding of transmission line protection (or 21 impedance protection)
Continue readingA reader recently asked a question about the forward and reverse directions described in the Directional Overcurrent Relay section of The Relay Testing Handbook series. I used electro-mechanical directional
Continue readingLine distance (21) protection is primarily used to protect transmission lines or other electrical equipment where the equipment’s impedance characteristic can be calculated or modeled with software
Continue readingInstantaneous overcurrent (50) and time overcurrent (51) protection can protect equipment from overloads and short circuits, but there are situations where their ability to protect a system is limited.
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