Understanding the Great Leading vs. Lagging Power Debate

I once watched two engineers/technicians argue for two hours about what power definitions should be displayed on a HMI interface. One of them argued that VARs were being EXPORTED during lagging conditions, so a lagging current should be shown as POSITIVE VARS and Power Factor! The other argued that VARs

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Understanding the Great Leading vs. Lagging Power Debate

How to Test Breaker Failure Element Logic

Figure 30: Complicated Breaker Failure Scheme

I presented a “Testing Breaker Failure Schemes” paper at the 36th annual Hands-On Relay School in 2019. This post is the second part of the paper that will give step-by-step test plans to help you test Breaker Failure Schemes. I highly recommend you read: Part 1 of the series first

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How to Test Breaker Failure Element Logic

How to Test Breaker Failure Schemes

Figure 20: Dynamic Breaker Fail Element Test #1 Time Graph

I presented a “Testing Breaker Failure Schemes” paper at the 36th annual Hands-On Relay School in 2019. This post is the second part of the paper that will give step-by-step test plans to help you test Breaker Failure Schemes. I highly recommend you read Part 1 of the series first

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How to Test Breaker Failure Schemes

Introduction to Breaker Failure Schemes (50BF)

Figure-5 Breaker-Failure Trip Single Line Drawing

I presented a “Testing Breaker Failure Schemes” paper at the 36th annual Hands-On Relay School in 2019. Here’s the first part of the paper that will give you a basic introduction to Breaker Failure Schemes: 1.   Introduction The power system is a delicate balance between load and generation. We usually

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Introduction to Breaker Failure Schemes (50BF)

The Over-Excitation Testing (24) Chapter is Complete. What Should be in the Synchronizing Chapter (25)?

The first draft of the Over-Excitation (24-Element) Chapter is finally complete and off to the editors. We cover the theory and step-by-step testing procedures over 60 pages! You can see all the topics and figures covered at the end of this post. Now I’m ready to start the Synchronizing (25)

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The Over-Excitation Testing (24) Chapter is Complete. What Should be in the Synchronizing Chapter (25)?

36th Annual Hands-On Relay School

I’ll be presenting the “Testing breaker Failure Schemes” open lecture at the 36th Annual Hands-On Relay School this year. I haven’t written anything about Breaker Failure protection before and here’s the synopsis for the paper: “Relay testers who want to test breaker failure (50BF) schemes should understand how 50BF schemes

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36th Annual Hands-On Relay School